Model Insights

What the model considers important when predicting AFL match outcomes.

Active Model

The current model used to generate all predictions. Tip rate is the percentage of matches where the model correctly picks the winner, measured via walk-forward testing against historical seasons. Margin MAE (Mean Absolute Error) is how far off the predicted margin is on average — lower is better. Features are the individual data points the model considers; only the most useful ones are kept after automated selection.

lightgbm
Model Type
72%
Tip Rate
15.9
Margin MAE
100/100
Features Selected

What Matters Most

Each feature belongs to a category like "Team Form" or "Venue". This shows how much each category contributes to the model's decisions overall. A higher percentage means the model relies more heavily on that type of information when picking winners and predicting margins.

Team Form21.4%

Recent performance trends — rolling averages of scoring, disposals, clearances, and other stats over the last 3, 5, and 8 games, plus win streaks and consistency measures.

Opponent-Adjusted Ratings17.7%

ELO-style offensive and defensive ratings for 10 key stats (scoring, disposals, clearances, contested possessions, etc.), adjusted for opponent quality. A team that scores well against strong defences gets a higher rating than one padding stats against weak opponents.

ELO Rating8.3%

A cumulative team strength rating built from all historical results. Teams gain ELO for wins and lose it for losses, with bigger shifts for upsets. The difference between two teams' ELO ratings predicts the expected winner.

Team Strengths7.9%

Underlying team capabilities — offensive efficiency (points per inside 50), defensive solidity (points conceded, intercepts), contested ball, disposal efficiency, and pressure.

Venue7.1%

Ground-specific factors — each team's win rate at the venue, how many games they've played there, and travel distance to the ground.

Team Cohesion6.6%

How settled the team is — average shared games between teammates, squad continuity from last week, and how long positional groups (defence, midfield, forward) have played together. More familiarity generally means better team connection.

Player Impact5.9%

The effect of player availability — missing players by position (ruck, inside mid, key forward, key defender), star player absences, role criticality scores, and win impact analysis.

Coaching5.1%

Coach-related factors — tenure at the club, overall and recent win rates, venue-specific record, new coach bounce effect, and head-to-head coaching matchup history.

Player Form4.7%

Individual player rolling stats — recent averages for disposals, goals, clearances, and tackles for each player, plus form trends.

Weather (Team Performance)4.3%

How each team historically performs in different conditions — win rates in rain, wind, and heat compared to their overall record, and how their playing style adapts.

Context3.6%

Situational factors — ladder position, days of rest between matches, whether it's a rivalry derby, and if either team is coming off a bye round.

Head-to-Head3.1%

Historical matchup data between the two teams — overall H2H win record and how each team's playing style interacts with the opponent's.

Transformed Features2.5%

Log-scaled versions of skewed stats like form shock and momentum — compresses extreme values so a team on a massive streak doesn't dominate the model disproportionately.

Roster Change1.3%

How much the team's selected squad has changed from the previous week — high turnover can disrupt team cohesion.

Scheduling0.6%

Travel and rest factors — days between games, cumulative travel distance, interstate trips, timezone shifts, consecutive away games, bye timing, and travel direction changes.

Top 20 Most Important Features

The individual data points the model finds most predictive. A feature with high importance has a strong influence on whether the model picks one team over another. For example, if "Home weighted recent margin" ranks highly, it means how well the home team has been winning recently is a strong signal for the model.

#FeatureCategoryImportance
1
Cumulative team strength rating — gains points for wins, loses for losses, with bigger swings for upsets
elo__elo_diff
ELO Rating
0.0529
2
Sum of win contribution scores of all missing players (home-away difference)
player_impact__diff_missing_total_win_impact
Player Impact
0.0305
3
Points per game averaged over recent matches (home-away difference)
team_form__diff_avg_score_8
Team Form
0.0257
4
Points given up per game — lower is better (home-away difference)
team_strengths__diff_defensive_points_conceded_avg
Team Strengths
0.0214
5
Average games teammates have played together — higher means more settled lineup (home-away difference)
cohesion__diff_team_avg_shared_games
Team Cohesion
0.0205
6
diff top player form trend
player_form__diff_top_player_form_trend
Player Form
0.0205
7
Home points per game averaged over recent matches
team_form__home_avg_score_8
Team Form
0.0200
8
Win percentage at this specific ground (home-away difference)
venue__diff_venue_win_pct
Venue
0.0181
9
Away cumulative team strength rating — gains points for wins, loses for losses, with bigger swings for upsets
elo__away_elo
ELO Rating
0.0162
10
Distance travelled to reach the venue — more travel can affect performance (home-away difference)
venue__diff_travel_km
Venue
0.0162
11
Home average games teammates have played together — higher means more settled lineup
cohesion__home_team_avg_shared_games
Team Cohesion
0.0162
12
Away average margin adjusted for the quality of opponents faced
team_form__away_sos_weighted_margin_3
Team Form
0.0162
13
Forward entry rating adjusted for opponent quality (home-away difference)
adjusted_form__diff_off_inside_50s_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings
0.0162
14
Tackle pressure rating adjusted for opponent quality (home-away difference)
adjusted_form__diff_off_tackles_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings
0.0157
15
Home points per game averaged over recent matches
team_form__home_avg_score_3
Team Form
0.0153
16
Away ruck hitouts per game
team_form__away_avg_hitouts_3
Team Form
0.0148
17
Win percentage at this specific ground (home-away difference)
venue__diff_venue_win_pct_recent
Venue
0.0148
18
Average time current players have spent under this coach (home-away difference)
cohesion__diff_coach_squad_avg_tenure
Team Cohesion
0.0148
19
diff team quality avg disposals
player_impact__diff_team_quality_avg_disposals
Player Impact
0.0148
20
Points per game averaged over recent matches (home-away difference)
team_form__diff_avg_score_3
Team Form
0.0143

Least Important Features

These features made it through automated selection but contribute the least to predictions. They might be redundant with stronger features, or the pattern they capture just isn't very predictive. For example, a weather feature ranking low means conditions don't meaningfully help the model pick winners in most matches.

FeatureCategoryImportance
East-west travel direction changes — ping-ponging is more fatiguing (home-away difference)
scheduling__diff_travel_direction_changes
Scheduling0.0000
Home timezone difference between team's home city and the venue
scheduling__home_timezone_shift
Scheduling0.0005
Away whether this is a second consecutive interstate trip
scheduling__away_back_to_back_interstate
Scheduling0.0010
Points scored divided by points conceded over recent games (home-away difference)
team_form__diff_rolling_pct_5
Team Form0.0014
How much a contested-ball style benefits in wet conditions (home-away difference)
weather_impact__diff_contested_wet_advantage
Weather (Team Performance)0.0024
Away def rebound 50s rating
adjusted_form__away_def_rebound_50s_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings0.0024
Home def rebound 50s rating
adjusted_form__home_def_rebound_50s_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings0.0029
Away disposal suppression rating adjusted for opponent quality
adjusted_form__away_def_disposals_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings0.0029
Away def tackles rating
adjusted_form__away_def_tackles_rating
Opponent-Adjusted Ratings0.0029
Average margin adjusted for the quality of opponents faced (home-away difference)
team_form__diff_sos_weighted_margin_3
Team Form0.0029
Model version: v20260604-0400-lightgbm