Model Insights
What the model considers important when predicting AFL match outcomes.
Active Model
The current model used to generate all predictions. Tip rate is the percentage of matches where the model correctly picks the winner, measured via walk-forward testing against historical seasons. Margin MAE (Mean Absolute Error) is how far off the predicted margin is on average — lower is better. Features are the individual data points the model considers; only the most useful ones are kept after automated selection.
What Matters Most
Each feature belongs to a category like "Team Form" or "Venue". This shows how much each category contributes to the model's decisions overall. A higher percentage means the model relies more heavily on that type of information when picking winners and predicting margins.
Recent performance trends — rolling averages of scoring, disposals, clearances, and other stats over the last 3, 5, and 8 games, plus win streaks and consistency measures.
ELO-style offensive and defensive ratings for 10 key stats (scoring, disposals, clearances, contested possessions, etc.), adjusted for opponent quality. A team that scores well against strong defences gets a higher rating than one padding stats against weak opponents.
A cumulative team strength rating built from all historical results. Teams gain ELO for wins and lose it for losses, with bigger shifts for upsets. The difference between two teams' ELO ratings predicts the expected winner.
Underlying team capabilities — offensive efficiency (points per inside 50), defensive solidity (points conceded, intercepts), contested ball, disposal efficiency, and pressure.
Ground-specific factors — each team's win rate at the venue, how many games they've played there, and travel distance to the ground.
How settled the team is — average shared games between teammates, squad continuity from last week, and how long positional groups (defence, midfield, forward) have played together. More familiarity generally means better team connection.
The effect of player availability — missing players by position (ruck, inside mid, key forward, key defender), star player absences, role criticality scores, and win impact analysis.
Coach-related factors — tenure at the club, overall and recent win rates, venue-specific record, new coach bounce effect, and head-to-head coaching matchup history.
Individual player rolling stats — recent averages for disposals, goals, clearances, and tackles for each player, plus form trends.
How each team historically performs in different conditions — win rates in rain, wind, and heat compared to their overall record, and how their playing style adapts.
Situational factors — ladder position, days of rest between matches, whether it's a rivalry derby, and if either team is coming off a bye round.
Historical matchup data between the two teams — overall H2H win record and how each team's playing style interacts with the opponent's.
Log-scaled versions of skewed stats like form shock and momentum — compresses extreme values so a team on a massive streak doesn't dominate the model disproportionately.
How much the team's selected squad has changed from the previous week — high turnover can disrupt team cohesion.
Travel and rest factors — days between games, cumulative travel distance, interstate trips, timezone shifts, consecutive away games, bye timing, and travel direction changes.
Top 20 Most Important Features
The individual data points the model finds most predictive. A feature with high importance has a strong influence on whether the model picks one team over another. For example, if "Home weighted recent margin" ranks highly, it means how well the home team has been winning recently is a strong signal for the model.
| # | Feature | Category | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cumulative team strength rating — gains points for wins, loses for losses, with bigger swings for upsets elo__elo_diff | ELO Rating | 0.0529 |
| 2 | Sum of win contribution scores of all missing players (home-away difference) player_impact__diff_missing_total_win_impact | Player Impact | 0.0305 |
| 3 | Points per game averaged over recent matches (home-away difference) team_form__diff_avg_score_8 | Team Form | 0.0257 |
| 4 | Points given up per game — lower is better (home-away difference) team_strengths__diff_defensive_points_conceded_avg | Team Strengths | 0.0214 |
| 5 | Average games teammates have played together — higher means more settled lineup (home-away difference) cohesion__diff_team_avg_shared_games | Team Cohesion | 0.0205 |
| 6 | diff top player form trend player_form__diff_top_player_form_trend | Player Form | 0.0205 |
| 7 | Home points per game averaged over recent matches team_form__home_avg_score_8 | Team Form | 0.0200 |
| 8 | Win percentage at this specific ground (home-away difference) venue__diff_venue_win_pct | Venue | 0.0181 |
| 9 | Away cumulative team strength rating — gains points for wins, loses for losses, with bigger swings for upsets elo__away_elo | ELO Rating | 0.0162 |
| 10 | Distance travelled to reach the venue — more travel can affect performance (home-away difference) venue__diff_travel_km | Venue | 0.0162 |
| 11 | Home average games teammates have played together — higher means more settled lineup cohesion__home_team_avg_shared_games | Team Cohesion | 0.0162 |
| 12 | Away average margin adjusted for the quality of opponents faced team_form__away_sos_weighted_margin_3 | Team Form | 0.0162 |
| 13 | Forward entry rating adjusted for opponent quality (home-away difference) adjusted_form__diff_off_inside_50s_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0162 |
| 14 | Tackle pressure rating adjusted for opponent quality (home-away difference) adjusted_form__diff_off_tackles_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0157 |
| 15 | Home points per game averaged over recent matches team_form__home_avg_score_3 | Team Form | 0.0153 |
| 16 | Away ruck hitouts per game team_form__away_avg_hitouts_3 | Team Form | 0.0148 |
| 17 | Win percentage at this specific ground (home-away difference) venue__diff_venue_win_pct_recent | Venue | 0.0148 |
| 18 | Average time current players have spent under this coach (home-away difference) cohesion__diff_coach_squad_avg_tenure | Team Cohesion | 0.0148 |
| 19 | diff team quality avg disposals player_impact__diff_team_quality_avg_disposals | Player Impact | 0.0148 |
| 20 | Points per game averaged over recent matches (home-away difference) team_form__diff_avg_score_3 | Team Form | 0.0143 |
Least Important Features
These features made it through automated selection but contribute the least to predictions. They might be redundant with stronger features, or the pattern they capture just isn't very predictive. For example, a weather feature ranking low means conditions don't meaningfully help the model pick winners in most matches.
| Feature | Category | Importance |
|---|---|---|
East-west travel direction changes — ping-ponging is more fatiguing (home-away difference) scheduling__diff_travel_direction_changes | Scheduling | 0.0000 |
Home timezone difference between team's home city and the venue scheduling__home_timezone_shift | Scheduling | 0.0005 |
Away whether this is a second consecutive interstate trip scheduling__away_back_to_back_interstate | Scheduling | 0.0010 |
Points scored divided by points conceded over recent games (home-away difference) team_form__diff_rolling_pct_5 | Team Form | 0.0014 |
How much a contested-ball style benefits in wet conditions (home-away difference) weather_impact__diff_contested_wet_advantage | Weather (Team Performance) | 0.0024 |
Away def rebound 50s rating adjusted_form__away_def_rebound_50s_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0024 |
Home def rebound 50s rating adjusted_form__home_def_rebound_50s_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0029 |
Away disposal suppression rating adjusted for opponent quality adjusted_form__away_def_disposals_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0029 |
Away def tackles rating adjusted_form__away_def_tackles_rating | Opponent-Adjusted Ratings | 0.0029 |
Average margin adjusted for the quality of opponents faced (home-away difference) team_form__diff_sos_weighted_margin_3 | Team Form | 0.0029 |